Les causes du retard de parole
Qu'est-ce que le retard de la parole?
Speech delay (alalia) is defined by a delay in speech development. This means a delay in making the necessary sounds for speech.
Quels sont certains des signes de retard d'élocution chez mon enfant?
A child who is not meeting the developmental milestones for speech may be showing signs of speech delay.
Les étapes suivantes sont classées en fonction de l'âge.
| Âge | Jalon de la parole |
| 6-12 mois | Babble en utilisant des sons différents, fait les sons de certains mots mais sans signification, dit le premier mot |
| 12-18 mois | Peut prononcer 2-3 mots (souvent sans signification), tente d'imiter des mots et des sons |
| 18-24 mois | Connaît et utilise jusqu'à 50 mots, émet des bruits d'animaux, nomme des objets courants et courants |
| 2-3 ans | Utilise des phrases de 3 mots, commence à utiliser des pronoms et des adjectifs dans le discours |
Quelles sont les principales causes du retard de la parole?
- Hearing Impairment – This may be congenital and present at birth. Or it may develop after birth due to underlying health issues, rare disease, or injury and trauma. Hearing checks should be included within infant and child developmental checks throughout a child’s first few years of life.
- Neglect or a lack of stimulation in a caring environment – Children who are not spoken to enough, who do not receive adequate parental or attention from a guardian during their formative years may experience speech delay. This delay may be offset by support with speech and language learning.
- Premature birth – Prematurity at birth can be a potential cause of speech delay in a toddler or young child. Being born prematurely can affect different areas of an infant’s development, and often their development should be tracked from their due date and not their actual date of birth.
- A rare disease or genetic syndrome – Speech delay may sometimes be the sign or symptom of a rare disease. Angelman, Pitt-Hopkins, and Russell Silver syndrome all present with speech delay. If a rare disease is suspected as a cause of speech delay in a child, a recommendation may be made for further assessment, including Conseil Ginitique and analysis.
- Speech and language disorders – There are several speech and language disorders- autism and auditory processing disorder- which have speech delay as a feature.
- A physical condition – This can include damage or an impairment relating to the body’s parts required for speech. This could involve the palate or tongue or a short frenulum (the fold beneath the tongue).
Le suivi du développement de la parole de votre enfant est important pour comprendre s'il a ou non un retard de parole. Certains enfants développent leur langage plus tard et ont besoin de plus de temps pour atteindre leurs jalons de développement. L'intervention précoce et le soutien à la parole sont la clé pour améliorer les résultats de la parole et du langage d'un enfant, quelle que soit la cause du retard de la parole.
